which of the following is a pathogen quizlet

The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. endobj u|m_0 O0"Nff ~#e Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Earth? Symptoms: nausea and migraine. B Measles 6. they work very, very quickly. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen c. a person who has a party for friends and family d. the intermediate resevoir where the pathogen lives A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? is part of the inflammatory response. Which of the following is NOT a way for pathogens to enter the body? IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. destroying their nucleic acids. eosinophils D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. IgD The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. 25. *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. B Mumps and measles Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. 4 0 obj A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct AIDS pain delayed allergic It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Section: 07.04. Signs: fever Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. myasthenia gravis, hay fever what is the function of human lymphatic system? swelling The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. 2. 2 0 obj False, True I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. Section: 07.02. Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? They are both forms of an infection. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. D antibodies. They are both forms of neutral immunity. (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. pa help po sagutan 10 words lang po ok na po thanks po We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". 34. How much to the bowl? Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. complement a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. IgM 10. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. epinephrine. (a) How are these toxins similar? C Athlete's foot and ringworm Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. B. Cryptococcus The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. False, False Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the what? Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. False, False Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. thymus and bone marrow (a) How are these toxins similar? B Chicken Pox Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. antibodies. neutral, passive *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. (f) gel filtration. You also discover that it targets liver cells. The word pathogen can be defined as: a. all microrganisms b. all disease-causing microorganisms c. all insects d. all microscopic particles Definition b. all disease-causing microorganisms Term Which of the following is NOT an example of biohazard? 21. B Fungi Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. hepatitis eqR)BZZt[A Viruses are treated with antibiotics. 1. D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. 23. D. Giardia. rheumatoid arthritis Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? IgD A . *The spleen cleanses the blood. immediate allergic False, False Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. ##Qmv&,! (d) affinity. innate Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. Uploaded By AndreaM8. 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Some fungi produce toxins and exoenzymes involved in disease production and capsules that provide protection of phagocytosis. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. Explain why each of these is important for human survival. True 4. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? ", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. 27. C. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). C Fungi 36. *They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Which type of disease is this? A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. - B cells - antibodies - T-Cells - inflammation 2 See answers Advertisement For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? B. Calculate the outside air temperature. ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. True (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. Explain. She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. TCR, BCR True or false: inactivating their ribosomes. Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. cytokines. True True C Intestinal disorders red blood cells, macrophages Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. False, True Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. The bacterium is probably which of the following? steroid An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. (b) liquid partition. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as what? Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? A Virus A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? B Measles Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? a. This should be quickly treated with True It is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea and the most common cause of foodborne-related hospitalizations and deaths. Automatically remove your image background. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". A Mononucleosis (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. *(c) ion. Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? 1. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? 5. nonspecific If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? B. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. *Active immunity involves making your own antibodies against an antigen, whether it is introduced via an infection or a vaccination. Apply. An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. agglutinating them. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? a vaccination. Universal precautions c. Standard response a. Bacillus anthracis They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. D. degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes, 13. Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. <>>> Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? 28. IgE, IgE They are both forms of active immunity. a. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Section: 07.02. C. It is an example of an adhesin. 33. What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? A Protozoans This category is best described by which of the following? Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? True endobj How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. a type of sking infection spread by direct skin-to-skin contact is what? a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? phagocytosis is involved. -Hand washing The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon perforin, perforin It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. 31. They are both forms of passive immunity. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. 9. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. SOLVED:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It promotes blood clotting. Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. delayed allergic neutral, active, active, passive *The four signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Nb['hm Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. rheumatic fever A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. B red blood cells. eosinophils and neutrophils The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. IgA - cross blood placenta barrier B red blood cells. systemic lupus erythematosus 12. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. Which pathogen is most virulent? Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. can eating too many popsicles hurt your tongue, upcoming auctions in iowa,